This paper was commissioned by ESMAP as part of an investigation on energy security issues from the perspective of developing countries, starting with a literature review and a concept note prepared by Ms. Dominique Lallement with research assistance from Ms. Anupa Vege.
This guide aims to show many different technologies that can be used to eliminate kerosene lighting from households in developing countries. 1.6 billion people in approximately 300 million households still use kerosene lighting, spending around $10-30 billion/year, or an average of about $1/week.
Improving energy efficiency (EE) is one of the most promising approaches for achieving cost-effective global greenhouse gases (GHG) reductions. However, it is severely underrepresented in the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) portfolio. Just 10 percent of the emission reduction credits traded in the carbon market are from EE projects. In particular, small, dispersed, end-use EE measures—which entail significant GHG mitigation potential, along with other clear, local, and direct sustainable development benefits—have been largely bypassed by the carbon market.
This report summarizes a large-scale evaluation of improved-stove programs funded by the United Nations Development Programme, managed by the Energy Sector Management Assistance Programme (ESMAP), and conducted by East-West Center and ESMAP staff. ESMAP will issue a report accompanied by case studies in the near future.
This document sets out the site and storage conditions for class 3.1 flammable liquids. These substances may also have toxic, corrosive and/or ecotoxic properties (HSNO classes 6, 8 and/or 9), but no other hazardous properties.
The conditions set out in this document are incorporated into a group standard by reference, and form part of that group standard. A substance must comply with the conditions in this document as part of the group standard approval.
This document has been compiled from the following:
The purpose of this thesis is to study the feasibility of wave powered desalination: what areas would be potential for wave powered desalination and how much the produced water would cost.
The wave powered desalination system examined in this thesis is called AaltoRO and essentially it encompasses of a Wave Energy Convertor (WEC) and of a Reverse Osmosis (RO) facility. The WEC pressurizes the seawater directly to a suitable pressure, which is fed via a medium pressure pipeline to the onshore RO facility where fresh water is produced.
More than half of households in Honduras use cook stoves that are highly inefficient, unhealthy and unsafe, impacting the health and well-being of users and families as well as the natural environment through Green House Gas (GHG) emissions. A $2.95 million SREP program promotes sustainable business models for clean cook stove distribution supporting Honduran rural communities by providing high-efficiency cook stoves for 70,000 households. This will reduce consumption and cost of firewood for project beneficiaries by 60 percent and improve living standards.
This paper provides an overview of key issues involved in the choice among marketbased instruments for climate change policy. Specifically, it examines the potential net benefits from shifting to a permit system for emission reduction, and the preconditions necessary for this change. It also draws out the implications of New Zealand’s specific circumstances and current climate policies for future policy development.
In 2005 the international community will gather to examine progress on gender and development issues in the ten years following the 1995 Beijing Fourth World Conference on Women. This event brought together representives of government, civil socities, media and grass roots organizations to look at the unique roles that men and women play supporting development, economic growth and more equitable societies the world over.
This report is part of work commissioned by the UNDP to help FIJI meet its Fiji Renewable Energy Power Project (FREPP) goals. This work is intended to contribute to the revitalization of the renewable energy market in FIJI, especially where IPPs are concerned. Of particular interest is the policy framework regulating both public and the private investments in renewable energy, and the incentives that could be applied to stimulate growth in the sector.
The work is divided into three components
a) the development of standard Power purchase agreements,